UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Plaintiff, v. EQUITY FUNDING & ASSOCIATES, INC., a/k/a EQUITY FUNDING INSURANCE AGENCY, INC., a corporation, and JOHN CINI, individually and as an officer of the corporation, Defendants. CIVIL NO. COMPLAINT FOR CIVIL PENALTIES, INJUNCTIVE, AND OTHER RELIEF Plaintiff, the United States of America, acting upon notification and authorization to the Attorney General by the Federal Trade Commission (“Commission”), for its complaint alleges that: 1. Plaintiff brings this action under Sections 5(a)(1), 5(m)(1)(A), 13(b), 16(a), and 19 of the Federal Trade Commission Act (“FTC Act”), 15 U.S.C. §§ 45(a)(1), 45 (m)(1)(A), 53(b), 56(a), and 57b, and Section 410(b) of the Credit Repair Organizations Act, 15 U.S.C. § 1679h(b), to obtain monetary civil penalties, consumer redress and injunctive and other relief for Defendants’ violations of the Credit Repair Organizations Act, 15 U.S.C. § 1679-1679j; and consumer redress and injunctive and other relief for Defendants’ violations of Section 5(a)(1) of the FTC Act, 15 U.S.C. § 45(a)(1). JURISDICTION AND VENUE 2. This Court has jurisdiction of this matter pursuant to 28 U.S.C. §§ 1331, 1337(a), 1345, 1355 and pursuant to 15 U.S.C. §§ 45(m)(1)(A), 53(b), 56(a), 57b, and 1679h(b)(2). This action arises under 15 U.S.C. §§ 45(a)(1) and 1679h(b). 3. Venue in this district is proper under 15 U.S.C. § 53(b) and under 28 U.S.C. § 1391(b) and (c) and 1395(a). DEFENDANTS 4. Defendant Equity Funding & Associates, Inc. (hereinafter "Equity Funding") is a Michigan corporation with its office and principal place of business located at 7071 Orchard Lake Road, Suite 300, West Bloomfield, Michigan 48322. Defendant Equity Funding transacts business in this District. 5. Defendant John Cini is President of Defendant Equity Funding. His business address is the same as that of the corporate Defendant. In connection with the matters alleged herein, Defendant Cini transacts business in this District. 6. Individually or in concert with others, Defendant Cini has formulated, directed and controlled the acts and practices of Defendant Equity Funding, including the various acts and practices set forth herein. COMMERCE 7. At all times relevant to this complaint, Defendants have maintained a substantial course of trade in selling credit repair services, in or affecting commerce, as “commerce” is defined in Section 4 of the FTC Act, 15 U.S.C. § 44. DEFENDANTS’ BUSINESS PRACTICES 8. Defendants have telemarketed, advertised, promoted, offered for sale, and sold credit repair services to consumers in the United States. 9. Defendants have offered services to remove negative information from, or improve, consumers’ credit histories, credit records, and credit ratings. Consumers have contacted Defendants by telephone and been told by Defendants' representatives that Defendants can improve substantially most consumers' credit reports or profiles by permanently removing bankruptcies, charge-offs, late payments, repossessions, and other negative information from consumers' credit reports. Defendants' representatives have made these representations to consumers even where such negative information was accurate and not obsolete. 10. Defendants make or have made the following and similar claims about their credit repair services:
11. Before providing any of the promised services, Defendants’ representatives request and require at least partial payment for these services. Defendants have usually charged $249.00 or more for these services. THE CREDIT REPAIR ORGANIZATIONS ACT 12. The Credit Repair Organizations Act, signed by the President on September 30, 1996, took effect on April 1, 1997, and has since that date remained in full force and effect. 13. The purposes of the Credit Repair Organizations Act, according to Congress, are:
14. Pursuant to Section 410(b)(1) of the Credit Repair Organizations Act, 15 U.S.C. § 1679h(b)(1), any violation of any requirement or prohibition of the Credit Repair Organizations Act constitutes an unfair or deceptive act or practice in commerce in violation of Section 5(a) of the FTC Act, 15 U.S.C. § 45(a). Pursuant to Section 410(b)(2) of the Credit Repair Organizations Act, 15 U.S.C. § 1679h(b)(2), all functions and powers of the FTC under the FTC Act are available to the Commission to enforce compliance with the Credit Repair Organizations Act in the same manner as if the violation had been a violation of any FTC trade regulation rule. VIOLATIONS OF THE CREDIT REPAIR ORGANIZATIONS ACT COUNT ONE 15. In connection with their operation as a credit repair organization, as that term is defined in Section 403(3) of the Credit Repair Organizations Act, 15 U.S.C. § 1679a(3), Defendants have charged or received money or other valuable consideration for the performance of services that Defendants have agreed to perform for consumers before such services were fully performed, thereby violating Section 404(b) of the Credit Repair Organizations Act, 15 U.S.C. § 1679b(b). COUNT TWO 16. In connection with their operation as a credit repair organization, as that term is defined in Section 403(3) of the Credit Repair Organizations Act, 15 U.S.C. § 1679a(3), Defendants have made untrue or misleading representations to consumers, including the representation that Defendants can improve substantially most consumers’ credit reports or profiles by permanently removing bankruptcies, charge-offs, late payments, repossessions, and other negative information from consumers’ credit reports. Defendants have made this representation to consumers even where such negative information is accurate and not obsolete. 17. By making untrue or misleading representations to consumers, Defendants have violated Section 404(a)(3) of the Credit Repair Organizations Act, 15 U.S.C. § 1679b(a)(3). UNFAIR OR DECEPTIVE ACTS OR PRACTICES IN VIOLATION OF THE FTC ACT 18. Section 5(a) of the FTC Act, 15 U.S.C. § 45(a), provides that "unfair or deceptive acts or practices in or affecting commerce are hereby declared unlawful." VIOLATIONS OF THE FTC ACT COUNT THREE 19. In connection with the advertising, marketing, promotion, offering for sale, or sale of credit repair services, Defendants have made untrue or misleading statements to induce consumers to purchase their services, including the representation that Defendants can improve substantially most consumers’ credit reports or profiles by permanently removing bankruptcies, charge-offs, late payments, repossessions, and other negative information from consumers' credit reports. Defendants have made such representations to consumers even where such information was accurate and not obsolete. 20. In truth and fact, Defendants cannot improve substantially most consumers’ credit reports or profiles by permanently removing bankruptcies, charge-offs, late payments, repossessions, and other negative information from consumers' credit reports, even where such information is accurate and not obsolete. 21. Defendants have thereby violated Section 5(a) of the FTC Act. 15 U.S.C. § 45(a). CIVIL PENALTIES, CONSUMER REDRESS AND INJUNCTION 22. Defendants have violated the Credit Repair Organizations Act as described above with knowledge as set forth in Section 5(m)(1)(A) of the FTC Act, 15 U.S.C. § 45(m)(1)(A). 23. Each sale or attempted sale, since the effective date of the Credit Repair Organizations Act, of credit repair services in which Defendants have violated the Credit Repair Organizations Act in one or more of the ways described above constitutes a separate violation for which Plaintiff seeks monetary civil penalties. 24. Section 5(m)(1)(A) of the FTC Act, 15 U.S.C. § 45(m)(1)(A), authorizes the Court to award monetary civil penalties of not more than $10,000 for each violation of the Credit Repair Organizations Act. Section 4 of the Federal Civil Penalties Inflation Adjustment Act of 1990, 28 U.S.C. § 2461, as amended, and as implemented by 16 C.F.R. § 1.98(d) (1997), authorizes the Court to award monetary civil penalties of not more than $11,000 for each violation of the Rule that occurs after November 20, 1996. 25. Under Section 13(b) of the FTC Act, 15 U.S.C. § 53(b), this Court is authorized to issue a permanent injunction against Defendants' violating the FTC Act and Credit Repair Organizations Act, as well as such ancillary relief as preliminary injunction, rescission, restitution, disgorgement of profits resulting from Defendants’ unlawful acts or practices, and other remedial measures. 26. Section 19 of the FTC Act, 15 U.S.C. § 57b, authorizes the Court to award such relief as is necessary to redress the injury to consumers or others resulting from Defendants' violation of the Credit Repair Organizations Act. PRAYER WHEREFORE, Plaintiff requests that this Court, pursuant to 15 U.S.C. §§ 45(a)(1), 45(m)(1)(A), 53(b), 57b, and 1679h(b), and the Court’s own equity powers:
DATED: March 4, 1998
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